致國際足聯(lián)所有成員

蘇黎世，2017年4月

FIFA關(guān)于“接觸人造草場(chǎng)地中丁苯橡膠有致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”的聲明

先生/女士：

   2017年3月13日召開的國際足聯(lián)醫(yī)療委員會(huì)會(huì)議討論了關(guān)于“接觸人造草場(chǎng)地中的丁苯橡膠（SBR）有潛在致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”的問題，在此將討論結(jié)果與大家分享。

   國際足聯(lián)第一次對(duì)此類報(bào)道做出回應(yīng)是在2006年，起因是一封公開信以及隨后幾篇被廣泛傳閱的文章都表示人造草皮場(chǎng)地中被稱為丁苯橡膠的碎橡膠顆粒物可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致接觸此類場(chǎng)地的運(yùn)動(dòng)員得癌癥。截止2006年的各學(xué)科研究都標(biāo)明沒有證據(jù)能證明接觸丁苯橡膠會(huì)引發(fā)癌癥?；谶@些公開發(fā)表的研究結(jié)果，國際足聯(lián)在2015年加拿大舉行的FIFA女足世界杯開賽之前重申了這一立場(chǎng)，因?yàn)檫@次的女足世界杯是在人造草場(chǎng)地上舉行的。

   鑒于2016年此話題的持續(xù)發(fā)酵以及隨后幾個(gè)月內(nèi)進(jìn)行的各項(xiàng)研究，國際足聯(lián)在此再次就使用包含SBR填充物的人造草場(chǎng)地作出以下聲明。

   國際足聯(lián)注意到在ECHA/PR/17/04這份文件中，歐洲化學(xué)品管理局表示“對(duì)接觸循環(huán)使用的橡膠顆粒不必過多憂慮”。管理機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)輪胎的過程中會(huì)使用可能致癌的成分，而輪胎是SBR橡膠顆粒的主要來源，他們將這些產(chǎn)品分別標(biāo)注出來。其中PAH’s(多環(huán)芳烴)的致癌性無可爭辯，但是公平地說沒有科學(xué)依據(jù)證明在用于制造汽車輪胎及其后的人造草皮填充物之后這些成分還具有生物有效性。 Van Rooj and Jongeneelen (2010) 的最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)“即使（使用人造草場(chǎng)地）會(huì)接觸（到PAH），這個(gè)量也是非常有限的，并不比我們從環(huán)境中或者食物中吸收到的PAH更多”。另外一份新澤西州立醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究指出：大量接觸碎橡膠顆粒對(duì)兒童和成人的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是零或者可忽略不計(jì)（Pavilonis et al. 2014）。

   至于具體到有害物質(zhì)吸收或者空氣污染，大量研究也都調(diào)查了在人造草皮上PAH的吸入量，結(jié)果都是比我們從燒烤食物，熏鮭魚或者木頭燃燒中更少或者相當(dāng)。所以，Dye et al. 在2006年就總結(jié)到“基于環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)，接觸人造草足球場(chǎng)地并不比接觸城市的其他地方有更高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。

   雖然無法完全排除風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或者證明這兩者之間無關(guān)，最新的研究也確認(rèn)了之前的結(jié)論，也就是沒有證據(jù)能證明使用含有丁苯橡膠填充物的人造草皮與癌癥病發(fā)有相關(guān)性。另外也有大量研究確認(rèn)了丁苯橡膠對(duì)人體的影響就像吃燒烤食物或者每天在路上接觸到的輪胎磨損一樣可忽略不計(jì)。

   所有有關(guān)運(yùn)動(dòng)員安全事宜，國際足聯(lián)都會(huì)持續(xù)關(guān)注其進(jìn)展以及最新發(fā)現(xiàn)。

Michel D’ Hooghe 博士

國際足聯(lián)醫(yī)療委員會(huì)主席

附英文原文如下：

To the members of FIFA

Zurich, April 2017

MDH/awe

              A statement on potential cancer risks from exposure to SBR in artificial turf fields

Dear Sir or Madam,

During the recent FIFA Medical Committee meeting on the 13 March 2017, the issue of potential cancer risks from exposure to SBR on artificial turf fields was discussed and we are very pleased to share this information with you.

FIFA first responded to media coverage of the topic in 2006 when an open letter was published following several high profile articles that stipulated that there may be a link between the crumb rubber particles known as SBR (Styrene Butadiene Rubber) in artificial turf fields and the occurrence of cancer in players exposed to these surfaces. Studies dating until 2006 from various scientific disciplines found no evidence that contact with SBR was linked with the emergence of cancer. FIFA reiterated this position ahead of the FIFA Women’s World Cup 2015 in Canada that was played on artificial turf surfaces based on published studies up until that date.

In light of increased public interest in the topic in 2016 and further studies carried out in the past months, FIFA would like to clarify its position on the use of artificial turf fields containing SBR infill.

FIFA has taken note of ECHA/PR/17/04 in which the European Chemicals Agency has found “at most, a very low level of concern from exposure to recycled rubber granules”. Regulating authorities are conscious of the presence of potentially carcinogenic components in the compounds used for the production of tyres, the main source of SBR rubber and have labelled these products accordingly. In particular the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) is undisputed but equally there is no scientific evidence of these being bioavailable in their application as car tyres and infill for artificial turf fields thereafter. The newest findings by Van Rooj and Jongeneelen (2010) concluded that “If there is any exposure, then the uptake is very limited and within the range of uptake of PAH from environmental sources and/or diet”. A further study from New Jersey’s State Medical School indicated that health risks to children and adults from extensive contact with crumb rubber ranged from none to negligible (Pavilonis et al. 2014).

Looking at specific issues such as ingestion or air pollution, a number of studies has investigated the intake of PAH from artificial turf and found less or comparable exposure than for grilled food products, smoked salmon or log burning. As a result, Dye et al concluded in 2006 that “on the basis of environmental monitoring, artificial turf football fields present no more exposure risks than the rest of the city”.

While it will never be possible to exclude risk completely or prove this negative, the newer studies have confirmed the previous findings that there is no evidence of link between contracting cancer and playing on artificial turf with SBR infill. A large number of studies have further confirmed that the effect of SBR rubber are as negligible as the effect of ingesting grilled foods or exposure to tyre wear on roads in everyday life.

 As with all aspects relating to player safety, FIFA will continue to monitor the developments within the scientific debate and consider  any future findings.

Yours faithfully,

FéDéRATION INTERNATIONALE

DE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION

Dr Michel D’Hooghe

Chairman FIFA Medical Committee

Member of the FIFA Council

References

? European Chemicals Agency (2017). Recycled rubber filling in artificial sports grounds causes at most a very low level of concern. ECHA/PR/17/04

? Nutt A (1983) Rubber work and cancer past, present and perspectives, Scand. J. Work Environ Health 1983;9 (Suppl.2);49-57

? Willoughby (1994) Rubber Fume – Ingredient/Emission Relationships, Rapra Technology Ltd Shawbury UK, 1994

? 1973-75 BRMA survey, Willoghby BG, The monitoring of the Atmospheric Environment in the UK Tyre Manufacturing Work areas, Proceedings of the International Meeting on Occupational Health in the Rubber Industry, BRMA, Stratford upon Avon, UK, May 28-30 1975

? Dye et al 2006 Norwegian Pollution Control Authority/ Norwegian Institute fro Air Research, State Programme for Pollution Monitoring

? Norwegian Institute for water Research  2005 Serial No 5111-2005 19.12.2005, 1-19

? Nilsson et al (2005) Danish Ministry of the Environment - Study: Emissions and Evaluation of Health Effects of PAH’s and Aromatic amines from Tyres by NH Nilsson, Danish Technology Institute.

? Moretto 2007 Environmental and Health Evaluation of the use of Elastomer Granules (Virgin and Used Tyres) as filling in Third-Generation Artificial Turf.  ADEME/ALIAPUR/FIELDTURF TARKETT

? Denly et al 2008 A Review of the Potential Health and Safety Risks from Synthetic Turf Fields Containing Crumb Rubber Infill. Prepared by TRC for the New York City Department of Mental Health and Hygiene, New York. NY, USA. 

  ? Lim and Walker 2009 An Assessment of Chemical Leaching, Releases to Air and Temperature at Crumb-Rubber Infilled Synthetic Turf Fields, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York State Department of Health. NY, USA.

   ? Li et al 2010 Characterization of Substances Released from Crumb Rubber Material Used in Artificial turf Fields. 2008 Chemosphere. 80(3):279-85.

   ? Schiliro et al 2012 Artificail Turf Fields: Environment and Mutagenicity Assessment. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 64(1):1-11.

   ? Pavilones et al (2013) Bioaccessability and Risk Exposure to Metals and SVOC’s in Artificial Turf Field Materials and Fibers. 2013 Risk Anal.

  ? Van Rooj and Jongeneelen (2010) Hydroxypyrene in Urine of Football Players After Playing on Artificial Sports Fields with Tire Crumb Infill. Int arch Occup Environ Health 83(1):105-10.